Eastern Chalukyas, Kakatiya & Hoysala Dynasty

 

 

Eastern Chalukyas

• They ruled between 7th to 12th Century.

 

Vishnu Vardhana

• He was brother of Pulakesin-II, was the founder of the Eastern Chalukya Empire
• Capital was Vengi.
• Queen was Ayyana-mahadevi, who built a Jaina temple at Vijayawada, the earliest reference of Jainism in the Telugucountry.

Vijayaditya Ill Gunaga

• Eastern Chalukya dynasty during whose reign the kingdom extended from the Mahendragiri in the north to the Pulicat lake in the south

The Virupaksha Temple

• Lokamahadevi built this temple and she was the queen of Vikramaditya II.
• In front of the Hall of the Priests or Antarala there is a pillared Mandapam or a meeting place for the people.
• The Virupaksha temple is built on the model of the Kailasanatha temple at Kancheepuram.

Bhima I

• built the temples of Bhimavaram and Draksharamam in the east Godavari district

Chola-ChaIukya Alliance

• The Chola king, Rajaraja I, invaded Vengi and put  SaktivarmanI on the Chalukya throne.
• Matrimonial alliances which ultimately ended in the merger of the two dynasties under Kulottunga (1071-1122 A.D.)

Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334)

• The Yadavas of Devagiri claimed their descent from the epic hero Lord Krishna.
• they ruled over the region from Nasik to Devagiri (Daulatabad).
• They were feudatory of Rashtrakutas

Bhillama V

• The Yadava ruler took advantage of the declining power of the Later Western Chalukyas of Kalyani and rose to power.
• He came into conflict with Vira Balalla-II (1173-1220A.D.), a Hoysala ruler.
• He lost his life in the battle of Lakkundi.

Jaitugi

• He defeated Kalachuris, Gurjaras and Kakatiyas.

Simhana

• He defeated Mahadeva, a Kakatiya ruler.
• He invaded Gujarat many times and captured Kolhapur which belonged to Silhara dynasty.
• Yadava kingdom reached the zenith of its glory and power in the reign of Simhana
• Sangitaratnakara of Sarangadeva,an important work on music, was writtenin his court.
• Anantadevaand Changadeva were the two famous astronomers who lived at the court of  Simhana.
• Changadeva established a college of astronomy at Patanain Khandeshin memory of his illustrious grandfather, Bhaskaracharya.

Krishna

• Krishna was grandson of Singhana and succeeded him.

Mahadeva

• He was brother Krishna.
• He captured North Konkan and ended the Silhara dynasty.

Ramachandra Deva (1271-1 309)

• He was the last great ruler of this dynasty.
• Ala-ud-din-Khilji defeated him and made him as a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate.

Sankara Deva (1309 – 1312)

• He was the son and successor of Ramachandra Deva
• Malik Kafur defeated and killed him in 1312 A.D.

• Harapala, brother-in-law of Sankara Deva raised the flag against the Khiljis. Mubarak, son of Ala-ud-din Khilji defeated and killed Harapala. Thus the Yadava dynasty came to an end. 

Devagiri Fort

• Built during the reign of the Yadavas.
• It was one of the strongest forts in India.
• The Juma Masjid and Chand Minar was added by the Delhi Sultans later. 

• Earliest known chief was Beta I, a feudatory of the Western Chalukyas in the first half of the II th century.
• Prola I thus became the founder of the Kakatiya principality.
• They ruled between 12th to 14th Century.

Prola-II

• The Kakatiya ruler captured the territory between the Krishna and the Godavari from the Chalukyas
• Hanumakonda as his capital.

Rudradeva

• built the famous Thousand-Pillar temple at Hanumakonda.
• He founded a new town called Orugallu, modern Warangal

Ganapathi (1199-1261)

• He captured territories up to Kanchi from the Cholas.
• Ganapati was the most powerful of the Kakatiya sovereigns

• Motupalli, now in the Krishna district, was an important seaport in his kingdom
• shifted his capital to Warangal

Rudramadevi

• She was the daughter of Ganapati.
• Yadava, Mahadeva invaded the Kakatiya kingdom, but Rudramba defeated him and compelled him to sue for peace
• She abdicated the throne in favour of her grandson Prataparudhra-II

Prataparudhra-II

• Malik Kafur invaded Warangal in 1303 A.D, during his rule.
• Prataprudra – II paid Malik Kafur an immense treasure in return.
• Ulugh Khan, the son of Ghiasud-din Tughluq captured Warangal in 1323 A.D. and sent Prataparudra II to Delhi
• His successors continued their struggle with the rulers of the Tughluq dynasty

Kohinoor

• Kohinoor unearthed in Kollur on the banks of the Krishna River belonged to the Kakatiyas.

Hoysala Dynasty

• Hoyasalas lay in the hilly tracts to the north-west of Gangavadi in Mysore.
• They became prominent during the prolonged struggle between the later Chalukyas and the Cholas.
• They initially became feudatories of the Chalukyas
• The founder of the dynasty was Sala, also known as Nripakama.
• They ruled between 11th to 14th Century.

Vinayaditya (1006 -1022)

• Vinayaditya carved out a trivial territory of Mysore with Sosavir as capital and ruled over it.
• His capital at Belur, although Dvarasamudra (modem Halebid) was an alternative capital.

Vishnuvardhana

• He shifted his capital to Dwarasamudra.
• He was a Jaina, but later he became a Vaishnava when he was influenced by the Vaishnava teachings of Ramanuja.

Vira Ballala – II

• Vira Ballala helped the Chola Kulottunga Ill and Rajaraja Ill against Sundara Pandya.
• He defeated Billama V of Yadava Dynasty.
• He detained the independence of the Hoysalas. 

Narasimhan-II

• Narasimhan-II lost the territory between Krishna and Tungabhadra to a Yadava ruler, Singhana.
• He defeated Maravarman Sundara Pandya
• Restored Rajaraja-III to the Chola throne.
• He erected the pillar of victory at Rameshwaram.
• built a capital at Kannanurnear Srirangam

Ballala III

• Ballala III was the last great ruler of this dynasty.
• In 1310A.D. he was defeated by Malik Kafur.
• In 1342 A.D. finally he lost his life in a battle against the Madurai Sultan at Trichinapally

Contributions

• The Hoysalas paved the way for the rise of Mysore into a big Kingdom.
• Hoyasala Temple at Halebid.
• In many cases, the Hoyasala temples are not single but double, having all essential parts duplicated