Census of India – 1991, 2001, 2011

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• Census in India conducted 15 times, as of 2011.
• After 1949, it conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• All census conducted under Census of India Act 1948
• Decennial growth of population was highest in Census – 1971 (24.8%)
• Annual growth rate is highest in Census – 1981 (2.22%)
• Decennial growth of population was lowest in Census – 1921 (-0.31%)
• India had the highest sex ratio in Census – 1901 (972)
• 2021 Census will be stored electronically, for 1st time.
• The Delimitation/reservation of Constituencies of Parliament, Assemblies, Panchayats and other Local Bodies is also done on the basis of the demographic data of the Census.

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History of Census in India

• History of census in India can traced form ‘Arthashastr’  written by ‘Kautilya’ in the 3rd Century BC
• It prescribed the collection of population data as a measure of state policy for taxation.
• It contained a detailed description of methods of conducting population, economic and agricultural censuses.
• In the time of Mughal king Akbar, the administrative report ‘Ain-e-Akbari’ included comprehensive data pertaining to population, industry, wealth etc.
• 1st complete census of Indian city taken in Dacca in 1831 by Henry Walters.
• 1st all India census was conducted in 1872
• 1st complete and synchronous census was taken in 1881 by W.C. Plowden.

 

 

Census of India 1991

• Total population – 0.83 billion
• Decennial growth – 23.86%
• Annual growth – 2.16%
• Population density – 325 /km2
• Sex ratio – 927
• Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 945
• Literacy rate – 52.2
• Male Literacy rate – 64.1%
• Female Literacy rate – 39.3%
• Highest densely populated state – West Bengal (767)

 

 

Census of India 2001

• Total population – 1.02 billion
• Decennial growth – 21.34%
• Annual growth – 1.97%
• Population density – 325 /km2
• Sex ratio – 933
• Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 927
• Literacy rate – 64.8%
• Male Literacy rate – 75.3%
• Female Literacy rate – 53.7%
• Highest densely populated State – West Bengal (904)
• Highest decennial growth state – Nagaland (64%)
• Lowest decennial growth state – Kerala (9%)

 

 

Census of India 2011

• Total Population – 1.21 billion
• Total population of the world  – 17.5%
• Below poverty level – 22% (as per Indian govt.-2012)
• Below poverty level – 23.6% (as per World Bank – $ 1.25 per day)
• No of districts – 640
• No of towns – 7,933
• No of villages – 6,40,930
• Decennial growth – 17.65%
• Annual growth – 1.64%
• Population density – 382 /km2
• Sex ratio – 943
• Rural Sex ratio – 949
• Urban Sex ratio – 929
• Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 919
• Child Sex Ratio Rural – 923
• Child Sex Ratio Urban – 905
• Literacy rate – 74.04%
• Male Literacy rate – 82.14%
• Female Literacy rate – 65.46%
• Highest Literate State – Kerala (94%)
• Lowest Literate State  – Bihar (61.8%)
• Highest populated State – UP
• Highest densely populated state – Bihar
• Highest decennial growth state – Meghalaya
• Lowest decennial growth state – Nagaland

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State wise Data of Census of India 2011

Most Populated States in India

Rank	Highest State	Population	% of Total
1	Uttar Pradesh	199812341	16.49%
2	Maharashtra	112372972	9.28%
3	Bihar	103804637	8.58%
4	West Bengal	91347736	7.55%
5	Andhra Pradesh	84580777	6.99%
6	Madhya Pradesh	72597565	6%
	Lowest State
5	Nagaland	1980602	0.16%
4	Goa	1457723	0.12%
3	Arunachal Pradesh	1382611	0.11%
2	Mizoram	1091014	0.09%
1	Sikkim	607688	0.05%
	UT
1	Delhi	16787941	1.38%
7	Lakshadweep	64429	0.01%

Highest Decennial Population Growth

 

 

Densely Populated State in India

Largest State of India

	Largest State	Area Sq Km
1	Rajasthan	342239
2	Madhya Pradesh	308252
3	Maharashtra	307713
4	Andhra Pradesh	275045
5	Uttar Pradesh	240928
	Smallest State	Area Sq Km
1	Goa	3702
2	Sikkim	7096
3	Tripura	10486

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Life Expectancy at Birth 

	Best States	Life expectancy
1	Kerala	74.9
2	Delhi	73.2
3	Jammu and Kashmir	72.6
4	Uttarakhand	71.7
5	Himachal Pradesh	71.6
	India	67.9
	Worst States
17	Odisha	65.8
18	Chhattisgarh	64.8
19	Madhya Pradesh	64.2
20	Uttar Pradesh	64.1
21	Assam	63.9

 

 

Rural & Urban Population

 

 

Literacy Rate in India

	Highest Literacy Rate	Literacy %
1	Kerala	94.00%
2	Lakshadweep	91.85%
3	Mizoram	91.33%
4	Goa	88.70%
5	Tripura	87.22%
19	West Bengal	76.26 %
	Lowest Literacy Rate	Literacy %
1	Bihar	61.8 %
2	Arunachal Pradesh	65.38 %
3	Rajasthan	66.11 %
4	Jharkhand	66.41 %
5	Andhra Pradesh	67.02 %
	India	74.4 %

 

 

Female Literacy Rate in India

	Highest Female Literacy	Literacy %
1	Kerala	92.07 %
3	Mizoram	89.27 %
2	Lakshadweep	87.95 %
4	Goa	84.66 %
5	Tripura	82.73 %
18	West Bengal	70.54 %
	Lowest Female Literacy	Literacy %
1	Bihar	51.5 %
2	Rajasthan	52.12 %
3	Jharkhand	55.42 %
4	Jammu and Kashmir	56.43 %
5	Uttar Pradesh	57.18 %

 

 

Sex Ratio in India – State wise

	Highest Sex Ratio	Female/1000 Male
1	Kerala	1084
2	Tamil Nadu	995
3	Andhra Pradesh	993
4	Chhattisgarh	991
5	Telangana	988
16	West Bengal	950
	Lowest Sex Ratio	Female/1000 Male
1	Haryana	877
2	Jammu and Kashmir	883
3	Sikkim	889
4	Punjab	893
5	Uttar Pradesh	908
	UT	Female/1000 Male
1	Puducherry	1038
7	Daman and Diu	618
	India	943

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District Data of Census of India 2011

Largest District in India

Rank	Largest District	State	Area (Sq Km)
1	Kachchh	Gujarat	45652
2	Leh	J & K	45110
3	Jaisalmer	Rajasthan	39313
4	Bikaner	Rajasthan	28466
5	Barmer	Rajasthan	28393
	Smallest District	State	Area (Sq Km)
1	Mahe	Puducherry	9
2	Central Delhi	Delhi	23
3	Lakshadweep	Lakshadweep	32
4	Yanam	Puducherry	17
5	New Delhi	Delhi	35

 

 

Most Populated District in India

Rank	Most Populated District	State	Population
1	Thane	Maharashtra	11060148
2	North 24 Parganas	West Bengal	10009781
3	Bangalore	Karnataka	9621551
4	Pune	Maharashtra	9429408
5	Mumbai Suburban	Maharashtra	9356962
6	South 24 Parganas	West Bengal	8161961
7	Barddhaman	West Bengal	7717563
8	Ahmadabad	Gujarat	7214225
9	Murshidabad	West Bengal	7103807
10	Jaipur	Rajasthan	6626178
	Least Populated District	State	Population
1	Dibang Valley	Arunachal Pradesh	8004
2	Anjaw	Arunachal Pradesh	21167
3	Lahul and Spiti	Himachal Pradesh	31564
4	Upper Siang	Arunachal Pradesh	35320
5	Nicobars	A & N	36842

 

 

Densely Populated Districts

Rank	Most Densely	State	Density (Sq Km)
1	North East Delhi	Delhi	36155
2	Central Delhi	Delhi	27730
3	East Delhi	Delhi	27132
4	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	26553
5	Kolkata	West Bengal	24306
	Least Densely	State	Density (Sq Km)
1	Dibang Valley	Arunachal Pradesh	1
2	Lahul and Spiti	Himachal Pradesh	2
3	Anjaw	Arunachal Pradesh	3
4	Leh	J & K	3
5	Upper Siang	Arunachal Pradesh	5

 

 

Sex Ratio in India – District wise

Rank	Highest Sex Ratio	State	Female/1000 Male
1	Mahe	Puducherry	1184
2	Almora	Uttarakhand	1139
3	Kannur	Kerala	1136
4	Pathanamthitta	Kerala	1132
5	Ratnagiri	Maharashtra	1122
	Lowest Sex Ratio	State	Female/1000 Male
1	Daman	Daman and Diu	534
2	Leh	Jammu and Kashmir	690
3	Tawang	Arunachal Pradesh	714
4	North Sikkim	Sikkim	767
5	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	774

 

 

Literacy Rate in India – District wise

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Urban Area Census

• For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is as follows
• All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
• All other places which satisfied the following criteria
  
  • A minimum population of 5,000
  • At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
  • A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km

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Largest Cities in India

	Metropolitan >10 Lac	State	Population
1	Mumbai	Maharashtra	18394912
2	Delhi	Delhi	16349831
3	Kolkata	West Bengal	14035959
4	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	8653521
5	Bangalore	Karnataka	8520435
6	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh	7674689
7	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	6361084
8	Pune	Maharashtra	5057709
9	Surat	Gujarat	4591246
10	Kanpur	Uttar Pradesh	2920496
	Total Metropolitan in India	53 Metropolitan
	City > 1 Lac	State	Population
1	Mumbai	Maharashtra	12442373
2	Delhi	Delhi	11034555
3	Bangalore	Karnataka	8443675
4	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh	6731790
5	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	5577940
6	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	4646732
7	Kolkata	West Bengal	4496694
8	Surat	Gujarat	4467797
9	Pune	Maharashtra	3124458
10	Jaipur	Rajasthan	3046163
	Total Cities in India	498 Cities

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Socio Economic Caste Census

Religion Census

Religion	% of Total Population	Estimated Population	State Majority
Hindu	79.80%	96.62 Cr.	28
Muslim	14.23%	17.22 Cr.	2
Christian	2.30%	2.78 Cr.	4
Sikh	1.72%	2.08 Cr.	1
Buddhist	0.70%	84.43 Lakhs
Jain	0.37%	44.52 Lakhs
Other Religion	0.66%	79.38 Lakhs
Not Stated	0.24%	28.67 Lakhs

 

 

State wise Religion Census

State	Hindu % of Total
Himachal Pradesh	0.9517	Highest
	Muslim % of Total
Lakshadweep	0.9658	Majority
Jammu and Kashmir	0.6831	Majority
Assam	0.3422
West Bengal	0.2701
Kerala	0.2656
	Christian % of Total
Nagaland	0.8793	Majority
Mizoram	0.8716	Majority
Meghalaya	0.7459	Majority
Manipur	0.4129
Arunachal Pradesh	0.3026	Majority
	Buddhist % of Total
Sikkim	0.2739
Arunachal Pradesh	0.1177
	Jain % of Total
Maharashtra	0.0125

 

 

SC Population in India – State wise

	Highest Population in Total	SC Population	% of Total
1	Uttar Pradesh	41357608	0.207
2	West Bengal	21463270	0.235
3	Bihar	16567325	0.159
4	Tamil Nadu	14438445	0.2
5	Andhra Pradesh	13878078	0.164
	India	201378372	0.166
	Lowest Population	SC Population	% of Total
	Arunachal Pradesh	0
	Nagaland	0
	Highest Population in %	SC Population %
1	Punjab	31.9%
2	Himachal Pradesh	25.2%
3	West Bengal	23.5%
4	Uttar Pradesh	20.7%
5	Haryana	20.2%
6	Tamilnadu	20.0%

 

 

ST Population in India – State wise

Rank	Highest Population in Total	ST Population	% of Total
1	Madhya Pradesh	15316784	21.1%
2	Maharashtra	10510213	9.4%
3	Orissa	9590756	8.5%
4	Rajasthan	9238534	13.5%
5	Gujrat	8917174	14.8%
6	Jharkhand	8645042	26.2%
7	Chhattisgarh	1743277	6.8%
	West Bengal		5.8%
	India	104545716	8.6%
	Lowest ST Population
	Punjab	0
	Chandigarh	0
	Haryana	0
	Highest ST Population in %	% of Total
1	Mizoram	94.4%
2	Nagaland	86.5%
3	Meghalaya	86.1%
4	Arunachal Pradesh	68.8%
	UT	% of Total
1	Lakshadeep	94.8%

 

 

Data Source