October 18, 2019

Census of India – 1991, 2001, 2011

By  Economic Geography  0 Comments

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  • Census in India conducted 15 times, as of 2011.
  • After 1949, it conducted by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • All census conducted under Census of India Act 1948
  • Decennial growth of population was highest in Census – 1971 (24.8%)
  • Annual growth rate is highest in Census – 1981 (2.22%)
  • Decennial growth of population was lowest in Census – 1921 (-0.31%)
  • India had the highest sex ratio in Census – 1901 (972)
  • 2021 Census will be stored electronically, for 1st time.
  • The Delimitation/reservation of Constituencies of Parliament, Assemblies, Panchayats and other Local Bodies is also done on the basis of the demographic data of the Census.

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census of India 2011 history of census in india

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History of Census in India

  • History of census in India can traced form ‘Arthashastr’  written by ‘Kautilya’ in the 3rd Century BC
  • It prescribed the collection of population data as a measure of state policy for taxation.
  • It contained a detailed description of methods of conducting population, economic and agricultural censuses.
  • In the time of Mughal king Akbar, the administrative report ‘Ain-e-Akbari’ included comprehensive data pertaining to population, industry, wealth etc.
  • 1st complete census of Indian city taken in Dacca in 1831 by Henry Walters.
  • 1st all India census was conducted in 1872
  • 1st complete and synchronous census was taken in 1881 by W.C. Plowden.

 

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Census of India 1991

  • Total population – 0.83 billion
  • Decennial growth – 23.86%
  • Annual growth – 2.16%
  • Population density – 325 /km2
  • Sex ratio – 927
  • Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 945
  • Literacy rate – 52.2
  • Male Literacy rate – 64.1%
  • Female Literacy rate – 39.3%
  • Highest densely populated state – West Bengal (767)

 

 

Census of India 2001

  • Total population – 1.02 billion
  • Decennial growth – 21.34%
  • Annual growth – 1.97%
  • Population density – 325 /km2
  • Sex ratio – 933
  • Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 927
  • Literacy rate – 64.8%
  • Male Literacy rate – 75.3%
  • Female Literacy rate – 53.7%
  • Highest densely populated State – West Bengal (904)
  • Highest decennial growth state – Nagaland (64%)
  • Lowest decennial growth state – Kerala (9%)

 

 

Census of India 2011

  • Total Population – 1.21 billion
  • Total population of the world  – 17.5%
  • Below poverty level – 22% (as per Indian govt.-2012)
  • Below poverty level – 23.6% (as per World Bank – $ 1.25 per day)
  • No of districts – 640
  • No of towns – 7,933
  • No of villages – 6,40,930
  • Decennial growth – 17.65%
  • Annual growth – 1.64%
  • Population density – 382 /km2
  • Sex ratio – 943
  • Rural Sex ratio – 949
  • Urban Sex ratio – 929
  • Child Sex Ratio (0- 6) – 919
  • Child Sex Ratio Rural – 923
  • Child Sex Ratio Urban – 905
  • Literacy rate – 74.04%
  • Male Literacy rate – 82.14%
  • Female Literacy rate – 65.46%
  • Highest Literate State – Kerala (94%)
  • Lowest Literate State  – Bihar (61.8%)
  • Highest populated State – UP
  • Highest densely populated state – Bihar
  • Highest decennial growth state – Meghalaya
  • Lowest decennial growth state – Nagaland

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densely populated state in india

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State wise Data of Census of India 2011

Most Populated States in India

RankHighest StatePopulation% of Total
1Uttar Pradesh19981234116.49%
2Maharashtra1123729729.28%
3Bihar1038046378.58%
4West Bengal913477367.55%
5Andhra Pradesh845807776.99%
6Madhya Pradesh725975656%
Lowest State
5Nagaland19806020.16%
4Goa14577230.12%
3Arunachal Pradesh13826110.11%
2Mizoram10910140.09%
1Sikkim6076880.05%
UT
1Delhi167879411.38%
7Lakshadweep644290.01%
 
 
 

Highest Decennial Population Growth

RankHighest Population GrowthGrowth %
1Meghalaya27.8%
2Arunachal Pradesh25.9%
3Bihar25.1%
4Jammu and Kashmir23.7%
5Mizoram22.8%
Lowest Population GrowthGrowth %
1Nagaland-0.5%
2Kerala4.9%
3Goa8.2%
4Andhra Pradesh11.1%
5Sikkim12.4%
UTGrowth %
1Dadra and Nagar Haveli55.5%
7Lakshadweep6.2%
India17.64%

 

 

Densely Populated State in India

Densely Populated StatesDensity/sq Km
1Bihar1102
2West Bengal1029
3Kerala859
4Uttar Pradesh828
5Haryana573
Least Populated StatesDensity/sq Km
1Arunachal Pradesh17
2Mizoram52
3Jammu and Kashmir57
4Sikkim86
UTDensity/sq Km
1Delhi11297
7Andaman and Nicobar Islands46
India382
 
 
 

Largest State of India

Largest StateArea Sq Km
1Rajasthan342239
2Madhya Pradesh308252
3Maharashtra307713
4Andhra Pradesh275045
5Uttar Pradesh240928
Smallest StateArea Sq Km
1Goa3702
2Sikkim7096
3Tripura10486

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census of india 2011 most populated state in india largest state of india

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Life Expectancy at Birth 

Best StatesLife expectancy
1Kerala74.9
2Delhi73.2
3Jammu and Kashmir72.6
4Uttarakhand71.7
5Himachal Pradesh71.6
India67.9
Worst States
17Odisha65.8
18Chhattisgarh64.8
19Madhya Pradesh64.2
20Uttar Pradesh64.1
21Assam63.9

 

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Rural & Urban Population

StatesRural Population %
1Himachal Pradesh89.96%
2Bihar88.70%
3Assam85.92%
4Odisha83.32%
5Meghalaya79.92%
India68.84%
StatesUrban Population %
1Goa62.17%
2Mizoram51.51%
3Tamil Nadu48.45%
4Kerala47.72%
5Maharashtra45.23%
6Gujarat42.58%
StateUrban Population
1Maharashtra8 cr.
2Utter Pradesh6.7 cr.
3Tamil Nadu5.3 cr.
UTUrban Population %
Delhi97.50%
India31.16%

 

 

Literacy Rate in India

Highest Literacy RateLiteracy %
1Kerala94.00%
2Lakshadweep91.85%
3Mizoram91.33%
4Goa88.70%
5Tripura87.22%
19West Bengal76.26 %
Lowest Literacy RateLiteracy %
1Bihar61.8 %
2Arunachal Pradesh65.38 %
3Rajasthan66.11 %
4Jharkhand66.41 %
5Andhra Pradesh67.02 %
India74.4 %

 

 

Female Literacy Rate in India

Highest Female LiteracyLiteracy %
1Kerala92.07 %
3Mizoram89.27 %
2Lakshadweep87.95 %
4Goa84.66 %
5Tripura82.73 %
18West Bengal70.54 %
Lowest Female LiteracyLiteracy %
1Bihar51.5 %
2Rajasthan52.12 %
3Jharkhand55.42 %
4Jammu and Kashmir56.43 %
5Uttar Pradesh57.18 %

 

 

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Sex Ratio in India – State wise

Highest Sex RatioFemale/1000 Male
1Kerala1084
2Tamil Nadu995
3Andhra Pradesh993
4Chhattisgarh991
5Telangana988
16West Bengal950
Lowest Sex RatioFemale/1000 Male
1Haryana877
2Jammu and Kashmir883
3Sikkim889
4Punjab893
5Uttar Pradesh908
UTFemale/1000 Male
1Puducherry1038
7Daman and Diu618
India943

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Sex Ratio in India

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District Data of Census of India 2011

Largest District in India

RankLargest DistrictStateArea (Sq Km)
1KachchhGujarat45652
2LehJ & K45110
3JaisalmerRajasthan39313
4BikanerRajasthan28466
5BarmerRajasthan28393
Smallest DistrictStateArea (Sq Km)
1MahePuducherry9
2Central DelhiDelhi23
3LakshadweepLakshadweep32
4YanamPuducherry17
5New DelhiDelhi35

 

 

Most Populated District in India

Rank Most Populated District StatePopulation
1ThaneMaharashtra11060148
2North 24 ParganasWest Bengal10009781
3BangaloreKarnataka9621551
4PuneMaharashtra9429408
5Mumbai SuburbanMaharashtra9356962
6South 24 ParganasWest Bengal8161961
7BarddhamanWest Bengal7717563
8AhmadabadGujarat7214225
9MurshidabadWest Bengal7103807
10JaipurRajasthan6626178
Least Populated DistrictStatePopulation
1Dibang ValleyArunachal Pradesh8004
2AnjawArunachal Pradesh21167
3Lahul and SpitiHimachal Pradesh31564
4Upper SiangArunachal Pradesh35320
5NicobarsA & N36842

 

 

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Densely Populated Districts

RankMost DenselyStateDensity (Sq Km)
1North East DelhiDelhi36155
2Central DelhiDelhi27730
3East DelhiDelhi27132
4ChennaiTamil Nadu26553
5KolkataWest Bengal24306
Least DenselyStateDensity (Sq Km)
1Dibang ValleyArunachal Pradesh1
2Lahul and SpitiHimachal Pradesh2
3AnjawArunachal Pradesh3
4LehJ & K3
5Upper SiangArunachal Pradesh5

 

 

Sex Ratio in India – District wise

RankHighest Sex RatioStateFemale/1000 Male
1MahePuducherry1184
2AlmoraUttarakhand1139
3KannurKerala1136
4PathanamthittaKerala1132
5RatnagiriMaharashtra1122
Lowest Sex RatioStateFemale/1000 Male
1DamanDaman and Diu534
2LehJammu and Kashmir690
3TawangArunachal Pradesh714
4North SikkimSikkim767
5Dadra and Nagar HaveliDadra and Nagar Haveli774

 

 

Literacy Rate in India – District wise

Highest Literacy RateState Literacy %
1SerchhipMizoram97.91 %
2AizawlMizoram97.89 %
3MahePuducherry97.87 %
4KottayamKerala97.21 %
5PathanamthittaKerala96.55 %
Lowest Literacy RateStateLiteracy %
1AlirajpurMadhya Pradesh36.1 %
2BijapurChhattisgarh40.86 %
3DantewadaChhattisgarh42.12 %
4JhabuaMadhya Pradesh43.3 %
5NabarangapurOrissa46.43 %

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Literacy Rate in India

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Urban Area Census

  • For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is as follows
  • All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
  • All other places which satisfied the following criteria
    • A minimum population of 5,000
    • At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
    • A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km

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Largest Cities in India

Metropolitan >10 LacStatePopulation
1MumbaiMaharashtra18394912
2DelhiDelhi16349831
3KolkataWest Bengal14035959
4ChennaiTamil Nadu8653521
5BangaloreKarnataka8520435
6HyderabadAndhra Pradesh7674689
7AhmedabadGujarat6361084
8PuneMaharashtra5057709
9SuratGujarat4591246
10KanpurUttar Pradesh2920496
Total Metropolitan in India53 Metropolitan
City > 1 LacStatePopulation
1MumbaiMaharashtra12442373
2DelhiDelhi11034555
3BangaloreKarnataka8443675
4HyderabadAndhra Pradesh6731790
5AhmedabadGujarat5577940
6ChennaiTamil Nadu4646732
7KolkataWest Bengal4496694
8SuratGujarat4467797
9PuneMaharashtra3124458
10JaipurRajasthan3046163
Total Cities in India498 Cities

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Socio Economic Caste Census

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Socio Economic Caste Census

Religion Census

Religion% of Total PopulationEstimated PopulationState Majority
Hindu79.80%96.62 Cr.28
Muslim14.23%17.22 Cr.2
Christian2.30%2.78 Cr.4
Sikh1.72%2.08 Cr.1
Buddhist0.70%84.43 Lakhs
Jain0.37%44.52 Lakhs
Other Religion0.66%79.38 Lakhs
Not Stated0.24%28.67 Lakhs

 

 

State wise Religion Census

StateHindu % of Total
Himachal Pradesh0.9517Highest
Muslim % of Total
Lakshadweep0.9658Majority
Jammu and Kashmir0.6831Majority
Assam0.3422
West Bengal0.2701
Kerala0.2656
Christian % of Total
Nagaland0.8793Majority
Mizoram0.8716Majority
Meghalaya0.7459Majority
Manipur0.4129
Arunachal Pradesh0.3026Majority
Buddhist % of Total
Sikkim0.2739
Arunachal Pradesh0.1177
Jain % of Total
Maharashtra0.0125

 

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SC Population in India – State wise

Highest Population in TotalSC Population% of Total
1Uttar Pradesh413576080.207
2West Bengal214632700.235
3Bihar165673250.159
4Tamil Nadu144384450.2
5Andhra Pradesh138780780.164
India2013783720.166
Lowest PopulationSC Population% of Total
Arunachal Pradesh0
Nagaland0
Highest Population in %SC Population %
1Punjab31.9%
2Himachal Pradesh25.2%
3West Bengal23.5%
4Uttar Pradesh20.7%
5Haryana20.2%
6Tamilnadu20.0%

 

 

ST Population in India – State wise

RankHighest Population in TotalST Population% of Total
1Madhya Pradesh1531678421.1%
2Maharashtra105102139.4%
3Orissa95907568.5%
4Rajasthan923853413.5%
5Gujrat891717414.8%
6Jharkhand864504226.2%
7Chhattisgarh17432776.8%
West Bengal5.8%
India1045457168.6%
Lowest ST Population
Punjab0
Chandigarh0
Haryana0
Highest ST Population in %% of Total
1Mizoram94.4%
2Nagaland86.5%
3Meghalaya86.1%
4Arunachal Pradesh68.8%
UT% of Total
1Lakshadeep94.8%

 

 

Data Source

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